Medical visualization of a single human testicle with a wedge removed to see the interior; also visible is the epididymis, pampiniform venous plexus, and the testicular artery. The testes are the male gonads, and perform two functions: to manufacture motile sperm and produce male sex hormones, namely testosterone. The center of the testis contains the seminiferous tubules (arranged in lobes that radiate from a central plexus) where sperm production, or spermatogenesis, occurs. Resting directly on top of the testis is a single convoluted tube called the epididymis, where sperm are stored while they mature. Upon ejaculation, sperm enter the vas deferens and leave the penis through the urethra. Leydig cells, which reside in the testis, produce male sex hormones called androgens. The androgen testosterone develops secondary sexual characteristics and maintains sperm development sites. The pampiniform venous plexus and the testicular artery service the testicular area.

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