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Cortisol
The hippocampus is rich in receptors for cortisol. So cortisol is very
active in the hippocampus. But sustained high levels of cortisol cause
damage to neurons. Cortisol disrupts cellular metabolism of hippocampal
neurons and increases the vulnerability of neurons to a variety of
insults.5,6 In addition, when cortisol is elevated chronically, there
is a reduction in neurogenesis.7 In a nutshell, the damage from
cortisol in the hippocampus has been suggested to be an example of
sacrificing long-term function (i.e., memory function) for the sake of
short-term survival.